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Question:

The iPLEDGE program is designed to mitigate the risks associated with taking:

A isotretinoin

explanation

Isotretinoin is a medication primarily used to treat cystic acne. Common brands include Absorica, Accutane, Amnesteem, Claravis, Epuris, Isotretinoin, and Roaccutane. iPLEDGE is a mandatory distribution program that is intended to prevent the use of isotretinoin during pregnancy, due to the high risk of birth defects.

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Which of the following pregnancy categories indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have failed to show a risk to fetuses in the first trimester and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters?

Category A

Medications classified as category A have been determined to be safe to use in pregnant women.

What type of drug is loratadine?

Antihistamine

Antihistamines are commonly used to relieve allergies.

Which of the following is an example of an ACE inhibitor?

Vasotec

Vasotec (enalapril) is an ACE inhibitor, amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker, Calan (verapamil) is a calcium channel blocker, and Corgard (nadolol) is a beta–blocker.

Which of the following medications is used to treat bacterial infections?

Cephalexin

Cephalexin is used to treat a bacterial infection, acyclovir is used for viral infections, clotrim- azole is used for fungal infections, and stavudine is used for viral infections (HIV or AIDS).

Which of the following diuretics is often taken with a potassium supplement?

Hydrochlorothiazide

Potassium supplements are often prescribed for patients taking thiazide diuretics because the body is depleted of potassium. Amiloride, spironolactone, and triamterene are potassium- sparring diuretics.

Individuals with a severe allergy to penicillin SHOULD NOT receive

amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is contraindicated and should be avoided, while the other options given here are considered safe. Other antibiotics to avoid include Augmentin, Flucloxacillin, Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Tazocin, Temocillin, and Timentin. Other drugs that are on the caution list and should also be avoided include all cephalosporin (Cefalexin, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime) and all carbapenem (Ertapenem, Imipenem + Cilastatin, Meropenem) and Aztreonam.

This is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid is overactive, and produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones:

Graves' Disease

Graves' Disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.

What is the maximum capacity for a class A balance?

120 g

The minimum weight that can be weighed on a Class A Prescription Balance is 120 mg and the maximum weight is 120 g. The sensitivity is 6 mg, meaning that 6 mg of a substance will move the pointer of the balance one division off equilibrium, or one degree.

Which of the medications is indicated in the treatment of psoriasis?

Calcipotriene

Dovonex (calcipotriene) is used to treat pso- riasis, Differin (adapalene) and Azelex (azelaic acid) are indicated for acne vulgaris, and fluorouracil is indicated to treat a variety of cancers.

Which of the following medications is NOT used to treat high cholesterol?

Nexium

Nexium is used to treat GERD

What is the brand name for eszopiclone?

Lunesta

Lunesta (eszopiclone) is a hypnotic that is used to treat insomnia.

What is a common side effect of warfarin?

Internal bleeding

Warfarin is an anticoagulant. It is used to prevent the formation of blood clots. The only common side effect is hemorrhage (bleeding).

Which of the following medications is indicated to treat bipolar disease and epilepsy?

Carbamazepine

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is indicated for both bipolar disease and epilepsy, lithium is used in the treatment of bipolar disease, olanzapine–fluoxetine is indicated for bipolar disease and depression, and risperidone is used to treat schizophrenia.

Epilepsy is caused by excessive ______ activity within the brain.

electrical

Excessive electrical activity within the brain can cause seizures. Grand mal seizures involve convulsions and can include unconsciousness. Petit mal seizures do not involve convulsions but may include periods of stupor.

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, finasteride is in pregnancy category X. This classification is an example of what type of warning?

contraindication

Pregnancy category X indicates that the potential risks of using the drug in a pregnant woman clearly outweigh the potential benefits; therefore, finasteride is contraindicated for use in pregnant women.